Bhutanese culture — Himalayan kingdom, Gross National Happiness, Tibetan Buddhism. Last Buddhist kingdom in world.
Language
Dzongkha — official, related to Tibetan. English in schools. 19 regional languages. Tshangla in east, Lhotshamkha in south.
Buddhism
75% Vajrayana Tibetan Buddhists. 10% of population are monks (record after Tibet). Tiger Nest Monastery (Paro Taktsang) — 900m cliff, Padmasambhava meditated here 8th c.
Gross National Happiness
Only country measuring GNH instead of GDP (since 1972). 4 pillars: sustainable economy, environmental conservation, culture, good governance.
Architecture
Dzongs — fortress-monasteries: Punakha, Trongsa, Paro. Traditional houses with wooden facades. No structures higher than monasteries by law.
National Dress
Compulsory in public — Gho (men, knee-length robe), Kira (women, ankle-length dress). Different patterns by region. Mantra: Tradition is more important than fashion.
Festivals (Tshechu)
Buddhist religious festivals in dzongs. Masked dances, blessings. Paro Tshechu (March-April), Thimphu Tshechu (September) — most famous. Unique to Himalayas.
Carbon-Negative
Only carbon-negative country in world — absorbs 6× more CO2 than emits. 71% forest cover (constitutional minimum 60%). 100% renewable energy.